SCIENCE NOTES IN A NUTSHELL
Mitochondrial DNA of all dogs go back to wolves, somewhere between 40K to 135000 years.
Mitochondrial DNA of all humans goes back to one woman 100,000 to 200,000 years. Neanderthals were assimilated.
There is skimpy evidence of men running with wolves, Boxgrove England 300-700,000 yrs. & elsewhere.
At 100,000 years Blombos, Klasies, & Border caves of South Africa, & Mount Carmel
caves near Haifa were studied for cultural, scientific advances and hybrids for the novel.
Top range on Late Homo erectus is 1300 cc. brain size.
Early (100,000) Homo sapiens and Neanderthals aver. 1450 & 1520 cc. respectively.
Modern humans aver. 1350 cc. Perhaps three brain mutations make up for the loss.
The loss could be due to increased interdependence, infant mortality, ease of life!?
The hyoid bone (speaking mechanism) is fully developed in the Neanderthal.
Source materials for above and more:
- Consequences of the Domestication of Man's Best Friend, The Dog,
http://www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument?urn_nbn_se_uu_diva-7799-1__fulltext.pdf
2. The Anthropik Network http://anthropik.com/2006/11/wolves-dogs/
3. Co-evolution of Humans and Canids, by Wolfgang M. Schleidt & Michael D. Shalter.
4. All of Professor/Doctor Robert Wayne and his team's work on the dog genome project.
5. Archaic Homo sapiens Culture at http://anthro.palomar.edu/homo2/mod_homo_3.htm
- The Neanderthal Paradigm, by Valerius Geist
at http://cogweb.ucla.edu/ep/NeanderthalParadigm.html // For a historical progression of conceptions and misconceptions see -- cogweb.ucla,edu/ep/Paleoanthropology.html
7. The new science of Human Evolution - Newsweek Technology - MSNBC.com
8. Borders Cave, Readers Digest, 08/1973: http://www.skepticfiles.org/evolut/100000rd.htm
- Did Neanderthals and Homo sapiens mate? by John Noble Wilford:
at http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050223/news_1c23neander.html
- About Neanderthal stone chests with cave bear skulls mentioned in the novel see:
The changing image of Neanderthal Man by Tom Peotto/Argus.
11. About Javelin like spears: http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0193113.html
12. Domestication of the Dog by Asaf Shany.
13. Know your Skulls! (c) 1997 Kevin L. Callahan University of Minnesota.
14. The Encyclopedia of World History. 2001: http://bartleby.com/67/25.html (1st para.)
15. About ravens & wolves: http://www.angelfire.com/bc/shadowcountry/raven.html
excerpt from Of Wolves and Men by Barry Holstun Lopez.
- Blombos Cave, Stone Age man wasn't so dumb - Dialy Telegraph, 10/feb/2000:
at http://cogweb.ucla.edu/ep/blombos.html
- Ancient Shells May Be World's First Jewelry by Kate Ravilious:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/06/060622-jewelry.html
- Population Bottlenecks and Pleistocene Human Evolution by Hawks/Hunley/Lee/Wolpoff:
19. The Truth About Dogs: http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/199907/dog-genetics/2
20. Mitochondrial Eve, Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve.
- A provocative article on Mitochondrial Eve: What, if anything, is a Mitochondrial Eve?
by Krishna at http: //www.geocities.com/Krishna_kunchith/misc/eve.html
- Hybrid Neanderthal/Homo sapien, Telegraph article Jan 16, 2007
at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/connected/main.jhtml?xml=/connected/2007/01/16/ecneand116.xml
- Ahead of the Game - (Neanderthal/Homo sapien hunting) by Adler/Bar-Oz/Belfer-Cohen/
Bar-Yosef Univ. of Chicago at http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/CA
24. Neanderthal Man May Have Talked by William K. Stevens April 27th, 1989 NY Times.
There are very many citations on all the subjects above, with various opinions on the internet or in the library, for those interested. Most of the scientists and sources listed have updated due to continuing research. The novel's first edition or run reflects science current 2007.
Editor: I'm looking for a lost citation about a wolf buried with a human family around 50,000 years ago. If anybody has this could you send it to the web site's e-mail. Thanks, RWR.
